Annex: answers for zones BEF01S;BEF02A
For the zones BEF01S;BEF02A a new Excel-file is added with extra information answering the
questions. The cells that are changed are marked by using a green background color in the cell.
Please note that we also changed in different forms of the Excel-file the term “sanitation plan” into the
correct “derogation request”.
The responses on the different questions are also in short given in the tables below.
General
Zone
Description of information required
BEF01S;BEF02A In Annex to Form 1 there are currently no web-links for ref6,
ref7, ref8 und ref9. Please provide these web-links.
BE response
See green cells in Excel file, three web-links are provided (for ref7, ref8, and ref9) and one document is
added as an annex (ref 6)
. Ref 9 was the sanitation plan that was added as an annex 1 to the
derogation request.
We also added new references to the NEC reduction program.
Zone
Description of information required
BEF01S;BEF02A In Form 3A, the total for the regional background is provided, but the percentage
contribution of each sub sector (from within Member State, transboundary) is
reported as N/A. Please provide an estimate of this partition. Urban background is
also missing, please provide the total contribution from urban background and the
percentage contribution from each sector, or confirm that the urban background is
included in the local contribution.
BE response
The urban background and the transboundary contribution are both included in the local contribution.
So the total measured (and modeled) concentration at street level is 45 µ/m³ (see e, row 37). This
includes urban background and regional background and is therefore marked as 100%. But, we also
added the split for the urban and regional background in the form (see green cells in Excel file), both
marked as 100% since 16 µg/m³ is the measured (and modeled) background concentration and 34 /
36 µg/m³ is the measured (and modeled) urban background. Please note that the background for
BEF01S is not urban, since the zone is an industrialized and traffic intensive harbor.
First condition: Limit values for NO2 could not be achieved before the initial
attainment date 1 January 2010
Zone
Description of information required
BEF01S;BEF02A
Chapter H6 of Uitstelaanvraag_
Luchtkwaliteitsplan_N02_VL explains which measures did not perform as
expected. However, specific information on the contributions at the various
exceedance situations, as requested in Form 3B, seems to be missing. Please
provide this information, if possible.
BE response
An estimation is added as extra information in the Excel file (form 3B).
Zone
Description of information required
BEF01S;BEF02A
In Form 5A, please fill in the estimated levels, not the
measured values, taking into account the combined impacts of all measures on
ambient NO2 levels in 2010 for all exceedance situations.
BE response
The measured levels are changed in modeled levels for 2010 in the Excel file (see green cells).
1
Zone
Description of information required
BEF01S;BEF02A
Impact of measures on the urban and local backgrounds are not quantified
in Annex to Form 5 A and impact of measures are missing in Annex A to
Form 7. Please provide numerical values in respective fields in Annex to
Form 5A and Annex A to Form 7.
BE response
Impact of measures on the urban and local backgrounds:
Extra data is included in the Excel file (cells in green), row d Annex form 5A.
Impact of measures on NO2 concentration:row e annex form 5A
The impact of the measures in 2010 has been calculated in 2001 with the emission factors known at that
moment (estimated impact). The calculated NOx concentrations for 2010 were so low that the
conclusions was that the limit values would have been achieved everywhere. The same conclusion was
stated in the study "Economic evaluation of air quality targets for sulfer dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, fine
suspended particulate matter and lead" from IIASA for the Commission (1997).
Recalculation for 2010 of the NO2 concentrations with our recent models that include complex chemistry
with current emission factors for the “without measures” scenario is not available. We concentrated in the
modelruns on the impact of additional measures. For this reason we calculated a BAU scenario (with
measures taken before 2010) for 2010 and 2015 and a scenario “with additional measures” (with
measures taken between 2010 and 2015) for 2015. For that reason we have no recalculated reference
scenario (without measures) for 2010.
Impact of measures on NOx emissions: row c annex form 5A
The impact of the measures taken before 2010 on emissions (difference between reference (without
measures) and BAU (including NEC) with the current and old emission factors for 2010) is available.
From the NEC program we can provide extra information on the effective impact of measures on
emissions. In annex A to form 7 and chapter H7.3 we added information on the impact of measures
reducing emissions from stationary sources (difference between reference (without measures) and BAU
(including effect of NEC measures for stationary sources) and transport. The following information is
added in the derogation request (chapter H7.3):
“De impact van de maatregelen op de emissies is terug te vinden in de evaluatie van het NEC
reductieprogramma. Een eerste reductieprogramma werd goedgekeurd in 2003 (ref 10), een
geactualiseerd programma in 2006 (ref 11). In 2008 werd een evaluatie gemaakt (ref 12).
Het Belgisch plafond bedraagt 176 kton. Dit is onderverdeeld in een plafond voor stationaire bronnen
per gewest en een Belgisch plafond voor niet stationaire bronnen. Het Vlaams emissieplafond voor NOx
voor stationaire bronnen bedraagt 58,3 kton. Het Belgisch plafond voor niet-stationaire bronnen
(transport) bedraagt 68 kton.
De maatregelen voor de stationaire sector hebben het gewenste effect bereikt. Onderstaande tabel
geeft per sector het referentiescenario weer (zonder maatregelen) en het maatregelenscenario (in
kton).
2010 with additional
2010 without measures
measures
verschil
Elektriciteit
29
11
18
Raffinaderijen
8,8
5,2
3,6
Ferro
7,6
5,4
2,2
Non-ferro
1,3
1
0,3
Chemie
13,5
10,2
3,3
Niet-industriële sectoren
15,4
14,5
0,9
Overige industriële
bronnen
12,6
11,4
1,2
totaal
88,2
58,7
29,5
2
(uit NEC2006)
(uit VORA2008)
Uit de evaluatie die in 2010 werd gemaakt, blijkt dat de uiteindelijke emissies voor stationaire bronnen
55 kton bedragen in 2010, onder de raming van 2008.
De maatregelen die bij de technische voorbereiding van de NEC-richtlijn door de Europese Commissie in
de modelberekeningen (RAINS berekeningen) zijn opgenomen, zijn, voor de transportsector, allen
technologische maatregelen. Deze technologische maatregelen vormen tevens de basis voor de
verstrenging van de emissiereglementering voor voertuigen en de aanscherping van
brandstofeigenschappen op Europees niveau. De Europese Commissie ging er bij de totstandkoming van
de emissieplafonds met andere woorden van uit dat het Europees beleid (Euronormen) zou volstaan
voor de transportsector. De Belgische autoriteiten hebben hier op vertrouwd. Aanvullend keurde de
Vlaamse overheid extra maatregelen goed om de emissies van transport te verminderen (zie NEC-
programma 2010). Tijdens de evaluatie in 2006, bleek dat, rekening houdend met de emissiefactoren en
off-road sectoren die bij de totstandkoming van de plafonds in rekening waren genomen, het Belgisch
NOx plafond voor de transportsector met 7,9 kton zou worden overschreden. Extra maatregelen werden
daarom vooropgesteld (zie excel 7-10 en bijlage 2). Deze resulteren in volgende emissiereductie ten
opzichte van de referentiesituatie (ref 11):
Reductie
Maatregel
(kiloton)
Pakket maatregelen uit Mobiliteitsplan
3,7
Vlaanderen
Extra Mobiliteitsmaatregelen Vlaanderen
1,2
Maatregelen milieuvriendelijke voertuigen en
1,6
rijgedrag Vlaanderen
Samen met de extra maatregelen van het Brusselse en het Waalse Gewest werd een emissie van 70,44
kton NOx voorspeld in 20101, een lichte overschrijding van het Belgische plafond voor transport dat
door de lagere emissies van stationaire bronnen wordt gecompenseerd.”
Second condition: Conformity with the relevant limit values will be achieved at the
latest by expiry of the extended deadline
Zone
Description of information required
BEF01S;BEF02A
In the letter by the Belgian authorities it is stated that a time extension is notified
for 5 years. However, projections in Form 5B indicate that concentrations will be
significantly below the limit value in 2015 in zone BEF01S and BEF02A.
Therefore, an extension of 5 years may not be needed. Please provide information
on when the levels in these zones will comply with the limit value.
BE response
Extra information is included in the Excel file (form 5B, cells in green). For the zone BEF02A a new
monitoring station will be placed next to the pavement (actual monitoring station is at 33 m from the
pavement). The concentrations at curb side will be higher, the modeled concentration at curb side in
2015 is 39µg/m³. This is only slightly below limit value. Most of the measures will only have full effect
between 2014 and 2015 and some even beyond 2015 (full technological change due to measures
implemented between 2010-2015). Furthermore, the decrease in concentration is not linear between
2010 and 2015 and will go down steeply at the end of that period. Therefor we ask for (and need) a
derogation of 5 years till 2015. For the same reasons (timing measures and model uncertainty) we also
ask for a derogation of 5 years till 2015 for the zone BEF01S.
1 Rekening houdend met de nieuwe emissiefactoren (zie H6) bekomt men 133 kton.
3
Zone
Description of information required
BEF01S;BEF02A
The impact of measures on the NO2 level is given but the split between regional,
urban and local background is missing. Please provide this information.
BE response
Extra information is added in annex to form 5b (see green cells)
Zone
Description of information required
BEF01S;BEF02A
Please provide information about the implementation date and date when the
measure takes full effect for all measures implemented before the extended
deadline for compliance.
BE response
Extra information is added in annex b to form 7 (see green cells) and in form 7-2015 (and 7-2010)
Zone
Description of information required
BEF01S;BEF02A
In Annex В to Form 7 it is stated that the impact of individual measures on
emissions and ambient concentrations is not calculated. However, in order to
assess whether appropriate, effective measures will be taken before the extended
deadline, please provide quantitative information on the effects of measures, as
far as available.
BE response
In preparation of this derogation request we investigated the impact of the total package of adopted
measures. The impact of the ultimately approved
individual measures hasn’t been modeled but we
have examined which potential measures have the greatest impact. In summary, the following items
are relevant:
-
The impact of Euro 6 and VI (passenger cars and trucks) is small in 2015 and will only have
effect much later (2020)
-
A reduction of the speed limit from 120 km/h to 100 km/h for passenger cars on highways
gives a total NOx reduction of 11% and reduces the NO2 concentration with 7µg/m³. This
measure doesn’t apply for trucks because the speed limit for trucks is in any case 90 km/h.
-
An improved traffic flow reduces the NOX-emissions with 25 to 30% (peak) and with 15% (on
the average) on motorways. This measure has the biggest impact of all measures in 2015.
-
Mobility measures (such as an improved traffic flow and speed reductions) have a greater
effect in 2015 than the technology measures (such as moving towards a greening fleet through
the adjustment of the tax on car registration, a switch to petrol, the introduction of Euro 6 and
VI):
o
Mobility measures reduce the NOx emissions in 2015 with 17% for passenger
cars and with 10% for trucks. Technology measures only reduce the NOx
emissions with 1% for passenger cars. On trucks they have a slightly greater
effect than mobility measures (reduction of 13%) but their share in vehicle
kilometers is of course much smaller than the share of passenger cars.
o
The technology measures however reach full effect in 2020: a reduction of the
NOx emissions with 9% for passenger cars and with 26% for trucks.
-
Sound screens have a local impact of 5 µg/m³ NO2 at a distance of 25 m and an impact of 2
µg/m³ at a distance of 100 m.
-
On local inner city roads the impact is as follows: reducing the traffic intensity has more impact
than introducing a low-emission zone for freight and passenger cars, which in turn has a
greater effect than optimizing the traffic light system, which in turn had a greater effect than a
sustainable urban distribution. In a standard situation
o
a decline in the traffic intensity by 30% has an impact of 5 µg/m³ on the
local NO2 concentration
o
introducing a LEZ for freight and passenger cars has an impact of 2 µg/m³ on
the local NO2 concentration
o
Optimizing the traffic light system can reduce the local NO2 concentration with
1 µg/m³
o
and sustainable urban distribution has an impact of 0,2 µg/m³ on the local NO2
concentration.
o
A adjusted urban green structure has a very local impact and can reduce the
NO2 concentration with 3 µg/m³.
4
The finally adopted measures in the air quality plan are based on these findings.
The measures contained in the final package who have the greatest effect in 2015 in both zones are
"speed reduction and improved flow (AA01)" and very locally "reducing the direct exposure along the
motorway (AA10)”. Specific for the zone BEF02A (agglomeration Antwerp) the measure "Sustainable
urban mobility planning (EE1)" has the greatest effect. However, all measures are needed to achieve
the limit value in 2015.
The total impact of all adopted measures is given in annex to form 5b, line e, in particular a reduction
of 4,7 µg/m³ in the BEF01S zone and a reduction of 7 µg/m³ in the BEF02A zone.
Third condition: The air quality plan demonstrates how compliance will be
achieved by the expiry of the postponement period and is consistent with the
requirements of Part A of Annex XV of Directive 2008/50/EC
/: no extra information required for the zones BEF01S;BEF02A
Fourth condition The information in Section В
of Annex XV to Directive
2008/50/EC on the status of implementation of community air pollution legislation
and on the consideration of the listed pollution abatement measures has been
provided.
Zone
Description of information required
BEF01S;BEF02A
From Form 8 of the notification for BEF02A, it follows that non-compliance is
projected for the national emission ceiling for emissions of NOx. Please rate the
importance of this non-compliance related to attaining NO2 limit values in the
various zones/agglomerations. Please justify this rating. The Annex to Form 8 or
alternatively a free text format can be used to provide the required information.
BE response
The national emission ceiling is divided in 4 ceilings for Belgium: 1 for each region for stationary
sources and 1 for Belgium as a whole for non stationary sources (transport). The Flemish Ceiling will
be reached (see added info in form 8). The Belgian ceiling however will not be reached due to the
higher emissions from transport. As mentioned in H7.3, based on the RAINS-modeling of the
European Commission, on which the Belgian authorities relied, it was concluded that the NEC ceiling
for transport would be achievable with European policy (Euro standards) without additional Belgian
measures needed. As mentioned as well in H7.3 the Belgian authorities however, did take measures to
reduce emission from transport. As explained in H6 of "Uitstelaanvraag" the Euro standards have not
reached the expected NOX reduction in real world conditions. This results in higher NOX emissions
from transport and also higher NO2 concentrations. So the Flemish Region took the necessary
measures to attain the Flemish Emission ceiling for stationary sources, adopted the necessary
guidelines on Euro standard to attain the Belgian Transport ceiling, and took extra measures regarding
traffic (see form 7-2010, the plans under form 9 and chapter H7.3 of the derogation request). Since
these Euro standards did not provide the expected emission reduction, only the Flemish Ceiling will be
reached, not the Belgian ceiling. This information is also added in annex to form 8.
Zone
Description of information required
BEF01S;BEF02A
In Form 9, the air quality plan of 2008 is referenced. Please confirm whether this is
the first plan or programme that includes measures for NO2 or whether another
plan/programme was adopted earlier.
BE response
No, this was not the first plan or programm, but the most recent one that is specific for the zones in
exceedance. Extra information is added on the different plans (see line b in form 9). We also added
5
information on short time action plans in form 9.
6